Spectral, crystallographic, theoretical and antibacterial studies of palladium(II)/platinum(II) complexes with unsymmetric diphosphine ylides

The reaction of alpha-keto-stabilized diphosphine ylides [Ph2P(CH2)(n)PPh2C(H)C(O)C6H4-p-CN] (n = 1 (Y-1); n = 2 (Y-2)) with dibromo(1,5-cyclooctadiene) palladium(II)/platinum(II) complexes, [Pd/PtBr2(cod)], in equimolar ratio gave the new cyclometalated Pd(II) and Pt(II) complexes [Br2Pd(kappa(2)-Y-1)] (1), [Br2Pt(kappa(2)-Y-1)] (2), [Br2Pd(kappa(2)-Y-2)] (3) and [Br2Pt(kappa(2)-Y-2)] (4). These compounds were screened in a search for novel antibacterial agents and characterized successfully using Fourier transfer infrared and NMR (H-1, C-13 and P-31) spectroscopic methods. Also, the structures of complexes 1 and 2 were characterized using X-ray crystallography. The results showed that the P,C-chelated complexes 1 and 2 have structures consisting of five-membered rings, while 3 and 4 have six-membered rings, formed by coordination of the ligand through the phosphine group and the ylidic carbon atom to the metal centre. Also, a theoretical study of the structures of complexes 1-4 was conducted at the BP86/def2-SVP level of theory. The nature of metal-ligand bonds in the complexes was investigated using energy decomposition analyses (EDA) and extended transition state combined with natural orbitals for chemical valence analyses. The results of EDA confirmed that the main portions of Delta E-int, about 57-58%, in the complexes are allocated to Delta E-elstat

Response of Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius) Seed Germination under Cadmium Nitrate Stress to Salicylic Acid Priming

To evaluate the interaction of Cd and SA on seed germination of Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L. cv. Soffe), this experiment was carried out as a factorial based on CRD with four replications in 2012, in Yasouj University seed lab. Factors included of four levels of seed priming with SA (0, 0.3, 0.6, and 0.9 mM) and eight levels of cadmium nitrate (0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30 and 35 mM). In all Cd treatments, SA 0.9 mM had maximum germination percentage (84% in 0 mM Cd) and rate (6.58 seed day-1 in 5 mM Cd), radical length (4.21 cm in 0 mM Cd) and stem (3.29 cm in 0 mM Cd), radical dry mater (2.25 mg in 0 mM Cd), shoot dry matter (0.94 mg in 0 mM Cd) and seed vigor index (6.30 in 0 mM Cd). Generally, seed priming with SA decreased the impact of Cd on seed germination and SA 0.9 mM was the best treatment